Electronic Countermeasures Effectiveness Evaluation (3 days)

This course describes a methodical approach to the analysis and evaluation of electronic countermeasure techniques and parameters and the simulation of electronic combat engagements. It addresses both ships and aircraft that use various countermeasures in electronic combat against various generic classes of radar and IR controlled weapon systems. The course includes the description of a systematic approach to the characterization of missile and gun systems, including the weapons' guidance, control and aerodynamic features. It also describes the modelling of ship and aircraft targets and their various countermeasures, including on-board jammers, chaff, flares and active decoys. It includes the description of an open and modular approach to simulating dynamic engagements between weapon systems and their targeted ships and aircraft using a variety of countermeasure techniques. This approach results in the evaluation of countermeasure effectiveness as measured by missile miss distance and probability of platform survival. The course includes numerous demonstrations, using simulations, of dynamic electronic combat engagements between various types of platforms and countermeasures and a variety of generic weapon systems.

Course Content

• Weapon system characterization, including seeker, guidance and aerodynamics
• Optimum countermeasure parameter determination
• Effects of a variety of on-board and off-board countermeasures on various command guided, passive, semi-active and active homing missile systems
• Evaluation of weapon lethality and platform survivability
• Simulations of dynamic electronic combat engagements
• ECM Database Management and configuration control

Who Should Attend

This course is tailored to the needs of military and civilian personnel who are involved in electronic countermeasure, electronic combat evaluation, and tactics development including those involved in ECM program planning, weapon system analysis, countermeasures equipment evaluation and re-programming, platform RCS reduction, and planning and analysing of ECM field trials.

Prerequisites

Some knowledge of radar and IR tracking techniques and familiarity with basic countermeasure techniques are recommended. The course focuses on more advanced aspects of these topics and provides an overview of the basic technologies primarily for refreshment purposes.

Instructor

Dr. Trevor Tucker: President of Tactical Technologies Inc., has over 30 years experience in the research, development, testing and programming of electronic countermeasure systems and techniques. He has developed towed decoys and ECM systems based on digital RF memory technology. He has also designed and developed a hardware-in-the-loop EW environment simulator and has developed analytic methods and software simulation tools for evaluating the outcome of dynamic engagements between ships and aircraft in electronic combat against various classes of weapon systems.

Course Outline

• Course Outline and Objectives
• Introduction to Tactical Engagement Dynamics
• Impact of ECM interactions on threat weapon miss distance
• Role of ECM introducing non-linear responses in threat weapon systems
• Outline of Threat Weapon System Analysis
• Identification of key weapon parameters
• Outline of the determination of key weapon parameter values
• Validation of weapon parameter values
• Outline of Countermeasure Parameter Analysis
• Relationships between countermeasure parameter values and key weapon parameter values
• Validation of the relationships between countermeasure and weapon parameters

• ECM Test and Evaluation Outcomes
• Summary of select ECM field trial results
• Summary of ECM batch run simulation test results
• Comparison to field trial and simulation test results
• Designing field trials based on simulation results
• Dynamic Infra-red Countermeasure Engagement Analysis
• Infrared radiation basics
• IR detector overview
• IR tracking technique overview
• IR tracking parameter value analysis and data management
• Flare effectiveness in dynamic engagements
• Effectiveness of swept AM jamming against a spin scan seeker
• Towed IR decoy effectiveness

• Measures Of Effectiveness
• Overview of various measures of effectiveness (J/S ratio, tracking error, missile miss distance, probability of survival) and their inter-relationships
• Weapon System Analysis
• Review of Weapon Guidance and Control Techniques
• Introduction to Control System Analysis
• Basic Seeker Angle Tracking Characteristics
• Missile Aerodynamic, Guidance and Control Evaluation and Characterization
• Equations that relate missile physical parameters (mass, length, velocity, wing configuration etc.) to missile maneuver characteristics (maneuver bandwidth, natural resonance frequency etc.)
• Weapon Tracking Technique Evaluation and Characterization
• Overview of servo control loops applied to tracking,
• Description of non-linear range, Doppler and angle discriminators in control loops, equations which relate servo control loop parameters
• Description of tracking loop responses to target maneuvers and countermeasures
• Description of engineering methods to estimate tracking parameter values

• Range Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of range deception techniques and their impact on threat weapon range tracking
• Derivation of equations that relate maximum range modulation rates to weapon's range tracking parameters for successful range deception
• Derivation of maximum range modulation rate's dependence on J/S ratio
• Validation of range tracking equations and deception models to measured hardware-in-the-loop fire control radar performance
• Doppler Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of Doppler deception techniques and their impact on threat weapon Doppler tracking
• Derivation of equations that relate maximum Doppler modulation rates to the weapon's Doppler tracking parameters for successful Doppler deception
• Swept Scan Rate (Amplitude) Angle Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of Swept Scan Rate angle deception
• Derivation of equations that relate amplitude modulation rates to the weapon's angle tracking techniques and parameters for the creation of angle track error
• AGC Deception (Countdown) Angle Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of Countdown angle deception
• Derivation of equations that relate Duty Cycle reduction to the weapon's angle tracking techniques and parameters for the creation of angle track error in static and dynamic engagements

• Cross-polar Angle Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of Cross-polar angle deception
• Derivation of equations that relate cross-polar deception polarization parameters to the threat weapon's angle tracking techniques and parameters for the creation of tracking angle error
• Cross-eye Angle Jamming Deception Techniques
• Overview of Cross-polar angle deception
• Derivation of equations that relate cross-eye deception parameters to the threat weapons angle tracking techniques and parameters for the creation of angle track error
• Description of conditions for sequentially transferring weapon's angle track point to increasing antenna sidelobes
• Break-lock Chaff Analysis
• In relation to non-coherent tracking
• In relation to Doppler coherent tracking

• Effectiveness of Combined Jamming and Expendable Countermeasure Against Radar Controlled Anti-Aircraft Artillery in Dynamic Engagements, including discussion of parameter management
• Effectiveness of Combined Jamming and Expendable Countermeasures Against Command Guided Surface to Air Missiles in Dynamic Engagements
• Effectiveness of Combined Jamming and Expendable Countermeasures Against Semi-Active Radar Homing Surface to Air Missiles in Dynamic Engagements
• Effectiveness of Combined Jamming and Expendable Countermeasures Against Active Pulse Doppler Homing Air To Air Missiles in Dynamic Engagements
• Effectiveness of Combined Jamming and Expendable Countermeasures Against Active Radar Homing Anti-Ship Missiles in Dynamic Engagements